Ukwenziwa kwewayini sele kukho amawaka eminyaka.Ngokwesiseko sayo, imveliso yewayini yinkqubo yendalo efuna ungenelelo oluncinci kakhulu lomntu.Umama weNdalo ubonelela ngayo yonke into efunekayo ukwenza iwayini;kuxhomekeke ebantwini ukuba bahombise, baphucule, okanye bayicime ngokupheleleyo into ebonelelwe yindalo, anokuthi nabani na onamava okungcamla iwayini angqine.
Kukho amanqanaba amahlanu asisiseko okanye amanyathelo okwenza iwayini: ukuvunwa, ukutyumza nokucinezela, ukuvubela, ukucacisa, kunye nokuguga kunye nokufaka iibhotile.
Isivuno
Ukuvuna okanye ukuchola ngokuqinisekileyo linyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokwenyani yokwenza iwayini.Ngaphandle kwesiqhamo bekungayi kubakho iwayini, kwaye akukho siqhamo ngaphandle kweediliya ezinokuvelisa ngonyaka isixa esithembekileyo seswekile ukuvelisa utywala obaneleyo ukugcina isiselo esiphumayo, kwaye singabi nazo ezinye iziqhamo ezifunekayo iiasidi, iiester kunye neetannins ukwenza iwayini yendalo, ezinzileyo kwi isiseko esingaguqukiyo.Ngesi sizathu kunye nenginginya engakumbi, uninzi lwabavelisi bewayini bayavuma ukuba iwayini iyenziwa esidiliyeni, ngokufuziselayo.Inkqubo yokwenza iwayini ecolekileyo ifuna ukuba imidiliya ivunwe ngexesha elichanekileyo, ingakumbi xa sele ivuthiwe ngokwasemzimbeni.Indibaniselwano yenzululwazi kunye nokungcamla okwakudala kudla ngokungena ekumiseleni ixesha lokuvuna, kunye nabacebisi, abenzi bewayini, abaphathi bezidiliya, kunye nabanini-ndawo bonke benelizwi labo.Ukuvuna kunokwenziwa ngoomatshini okanye ngesandla.Nangona kunjalo, amasimi amaninzi akhetha ukuvuna ngesandla, njengoko izivuni ezisebenza ngoomatshini zingasoloko zinzima kakhulu kwidiliya nakwisidiliya.Nje ukuba imidiliya ifike kwindawo yokuvelisa iwayini, abavelisi bewayini abahloniphekileyo baya kulungisa izithungu zediliya, bakhuphe iziqhamo ezibolileyo okanye ezingavuthwanga phambi kokuba bazityumze.
Ukutyumza nokucinezela
Ukutyumza igaqa zonke zediliya ezivuthiweyo ngokwesithethe linyathelo elilandelayo kwinkqubo yokwenza iwayini.Namhlanje, izityumli zoomatshini zenza isiko elibekekileyo lokunyathela okanye ukunyathela iidiliya kwinto eqhele ukubizwa ngokuba kufuneka.Kangangamawaka eminyaka, yayingamadoda nabafazi ababesenza umdaniso wesivuno kwimiphanda kunye noomatshini bokushicilela abaqala inguqulelo yomlingo yesiselo somdiliya ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunye namanzi adityaniswe kunye kumaqela eziqhamo ukuya kwezona ziselo zisempilweni nezingaqondakaliyo kuzo zonke iziselo - iwayini.Njengayo nayiphi na into ebomini, utshintsho lubandakanya into elahlekileyo kunye nento ezuziweyo.Ngokusebenzisa oomatshini bokushicilela, uthando nezithethe ezininzi ziye zaphela kweli nqanaba lokwenziwa kwewayini, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba ubani akhale ixesha elide ngenxa yenzuzo enkulu yococeko eziswa ngoomatshini ekwenzeni iwayini.Ukucofa ngoomatshini kukwaphucule umgangatho kunye nobomi obude bewayini, ngeli lixa kucutha imfuno yomenzi wewayini kwizigcina-lwazi.Sendikuthethile konke oku, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayizizo zonke iiwayini eziqala ubomi kwisityuli.Ngamanye amaxesha, abenzi bomdiliya bakhetha ukuvumela ukuvubela kuqale ngaphakathi kwamagaqa ediliya angacolwanga, nto leyo evumela ubunzima bendalo bomdiliya kunye nokuqala kokuvubela kugqabhuke amaxolo ediliya phambi kokucinezela amagaqa angacolwanga.
Ukude ude ucofe kwaye ucinezele amanyathelo okwenza iwayini emhlophe kunye newayini ebomvu ziyafana.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umenzi wewayini uza kwenza iwayini emhlophe, uya kukhawuleza acofe i-must emva kokuyityumza ukuze ahlule incindi kwiintsuba, iimbewu kunye nezinto eziqinileyo.Ngokwenza njalo umbala ongafunekiyo (ophuma esikhumbeni somdiliya, hayi ijusi) kwaye iitannins azinakungena kwiwayini emhlophe.Ngokusisiseko, iwayini emhlophe ivumelekile ukuba idibane nesikhumba esincinci, ngelixa iwayini ebomvu ishiywe idityaniswe neemfele zayo ukuze iqokelele umbala, incasa, kunye neetannins ezongezelelweyo ngexesha lokuvutshelwa, elinyathelo elilandelayo.
Ukuvubela
Ukuvubela ngenene ngumlingo odlalwayo ekwenzeni iwayini.Ukuba iyekelwa kwizixhobo zayo kufuneka okanye incindi iqale ukubila ngokwendalo kwiiyure ezi-6-12 ngoncedo lwegwele lasendle emoyeni.Kwiindawo zewayini ezicocekileyo, ezisele zimiselwe kakuhle kunye nezidiliya oku kubiliswa kwendalo yinto eyamkelekileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, abenzi bewayini abaninzi bakhetha ukungenelela kweli nqanaba ngokutofa okuyimfuneko yendalo.Oku kuthetha ukuba baya kubulala igwele lendalo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lingalindelekanga kwaye bazise uhlobo lwegwele lokukhetha umntu ukuze baqikelele ngakumbi isiphumo sokugqibela.Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi indlela ekhethiweyo, xa i-fermentation iqala, ngokuqhelekileyo iqhubeka de yonke iswekile iguqulelwe kwi-alcohol kwaye iveliswe iwayini eyomileyo.Ukuvubela kunokufuna naphi na ukusuka kwiintsuku ezilishumi ukuya kwinyanga okanye ngaphezulu.Inqanaba lesiphumo sotywala ewayinini liya kwahluka ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwesinye, ngenxa yesiqulatho seswekile iyonke ye-must.Iqondo lotywala le-10% kwimozulu epholileyo xa lithelekiswa nomphezulu we-15% kwiindawo ezishushu lithathwa njengesiqhelo.Iwayini eswiti iveliswa xa inkqubo yokubilisa iyeka phambi kokuba yonke iswekile iguqulwe ibe butywala.Oku kudla ngokuba sisigqibo esinengqiqo, esinenjongo kwicala lomenzi wewayini.
Ingcaciso
Nje ukuba ukubila kugqityiwe, inkqubo yokucacisa iqala.Abavelisi bewayini banokukhetha ukukrazula okanye ukukhupha iwayini zabo ukusuka kwitanki enye okanye ibhere ukuya kwelinye ngethemba lokushiya imvula kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yipomace emazantsi etanki yokuvubela.Ukuhluzwa kunye nokuhlawuliswa kungenziwa kwakhona kweli nqanaba.Ukuhluza kungenziwa ngayo yonke into ukusuka kwisihluzo sekhosi esibamba kuphela izinto eziqinileyo ezinkulu ukuya kwiphedi yokucoca ehlubukileyo yewayini kubo bonke ubomi.Ukuhlawuliswa kwenzeka xa izinto zongezwa kwiwayini ukuzicacisa.Ngokuqhelekileyo, abavelisi bewayini baya kufaka amaqanda amhlophe, udongwe, okanye ezinye iikhompawundi kwiwayini eziza kunceda ukukhupha iiseli zegwele ezifileyo kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo kwiwayini.Ezi zinto zibambelela kwizinto eziqinileyo ezingafunekiyo kwaye zizinyanzele phantsi kwetanki.Iwayini elungisiweyo igalelwa kwesinye isitya, apho ilungele ukugalelwa okanye ukuguga ngakumbi.
Ukuguga kunye nokuBottling
Inqanaba lokugqibela lenkqubo yokwenza iwayini libandakanya ukuguga kunye nokugalelwa kweebhotile zewayini.Emva kokucaciswa, umenzi wewayini unokhetho lokugalela iwayini ngoko nangoko, nto leyo eyenzeka kuninzi lwee-wineries.Ukuguga okuqhubekayo kunokwenziwa kwibhotile, insimbi engenasici okanye iitanki ze-ceramic, ii-ovals ezinkulu zokhuni, okanye imibhobho encinci, ebizwa ngokuba yi-barriques.Ukhetho kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo kweli nqanaba lokugqibela lenkqubo phantse alupheli, njengoko zinjalo iziphumo zokugqibela.Nangona kunjalo, umphumo oqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko yiwayini.Yonwabela!
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-13-2023